I imagine that most readers are expecting me to write this week about the upcoming special session of the State Legislature. The Governor has not yet formally called for a special session of the Legislature and his plan for property tax relief remains under construction. When news becomes available, about a special session or about his plan for property tax relief, I will be sure to let the readership know.

I am committed to keeping the folks of Western Nebraska informed about state news. When it comes to state news, Western Nebraska is a kind of news desert. Many readers of my weekly column seldom ever receive news from the eastern part of the state. By the time folks living in the Panhandle receive news from Lincoln it has oftentimes already become history and is no longer even considered news.

Today I would like to inform you about the recent outstanding work of our State Auditor, Mike Foley. The job of the State Auditor is to analyze the financial records of our state agencies and to hold them accountable for how they spend taxpayers’ dollars. Mike Foley is the right man for this position. I have known Mike Foley for nearly 25 years. I first met him when he was a State Senator. He and my son, Philip, shared an office together at the State Capitol in Lincoln for two years.

Foley did an excellent job representing his district in Lincoln as well as the people of Nebraska when he served as a State Senator. For the first six years of my tenure as a State Senator, Foley served as the Lieutenant Governor of the State, where he presided over the State Legislature. Following his eight-year service as the Lieutenant Governor, he was elected to the office of State Auditor of Public Accounts in 2022. Foley may be the best State Auditor that Nebraska has ever seen!

Two years ago, Gov. Pillen had recommended that the State Legislature reduce the State Auditor’s budget by $250,000. The State Legislature ultimately decided against it, and that decision has proved to be one of the wisest decisions that the State Legislature has ever made. I say this, because Foley has recovered many times more than the Governor’s proposed budget cut of $250,000. Foley is a budget hawk who continuously uncovers how state agencies are misappropriating and abusing our state’s tax dollars, and today I would like to share a couple of examples of how he did this last week.

In a press release last Tuesday Foley identified millions of dollars which were improperly paid out by the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to child care providers through the NFOCUS Aid Payments Program. While participating in the childcare subsidy program, Foley said, “many of those providers took full advantage of the agency’s lax oversight and successfully bilked DHHS out of payments far in excess of those to which they were entitled.” Foley uncovered approximately $12.8 million in fraudulent billings that were paid out by DHHS over a nine-month period between 2023 and 2024.

Then, on Thursday of last week, Foley released another report showing how the Nebraska Board of Parole has been using state vehicles for personal use. The report identified 12 employees of the Nebraska Board of Parole who used state vehicles for a combined total of 291 unapproved trips. Foley uncovered the abuse of state vehicles by analyzing GPS data that the Nebraska Board of Parole allegedly never received. One staff member in particular used a state vehicle to travel 200 miles to attend a retirement party. Using a state vehicle for personal use is classified as a misdemeanor under Nebraska State law.

Cutting out fraudulent and wasteful spending is important. The work of the State Auditor is necessary to ensure that taxpayer dollars are not being wasted. There remains a lot more work that needs to be done at the state level to weed out fraudulent and wasteful spending, but please know that we have a good man at the helm who is doing this work on behalf of the Nebraska taxpayers.

Today it is with great disappointment that I must report that the EPIC Option Consumption Tax team did not meet the required signature count to place our two initiatives for constitutional amendments on the November general election ballot. While the team met the first goal of securing signatures from at least five percent of registered voters in 38 counties, the team fell short of the second requirement of securing signatures from ten percent of the registered voters statewide.

I would like to express my gratitude to the many volunteers who worked tirelessly with determination and self-sacrifice in order to put these two ballot initiatives on the November ballot. In order to meet the second requirement, these volunteer petition circulators needed to acquire a total of 123,190 valid signatures. That is a nearly impossible feat to accomplish without paid circulators. The last time that an all-volunteer team managed to place a ballot initiative on the ballot for the general election was back in 1966!

The fact that our volunteer circulators met the first requirement of securing valid signatures from five percent of registered voters in more than 38 counties represents an enormous accomplishment for the EPIC Option Consumption Tax team and the volunteer circulators who did the work. This fact alone ought to show the most ardent skeptics of the EPIC Option Consumption Tax how much Nebraskans are suffering under the current tax code and why it needs to be changed. There is no question that the EPIC Option Consumption Tax team would have met both constitutional requirements for the two petition drives with the help of paid circulators. Moreover, had the county assessors published their 2024 valuation increases in March instead of in June, I believe we would have met both constitutional requirements with our team of volunteer circulators.

What is most disappointing is that Nebraskans will have to continue to live and work under our state’s broken tax system. Going forward, we will continue to allow government leaders to pick winners and losers through TIF financing and the ImagiNE Nebraska Act. Nebraska will also continue to lose more population to other states. Nebraska will continue to suffer from brain-drain as our graduating college students choose to settle down in other states, our retirees move to more tax friendly states, and farmers and ranchers are forced to either sell their properties or file for bankruptcy because they can no longer afford to pay their property taxes.

The EPIC Option Consumption Tax team is not the only loser today. Those groups who spread misinformation about the EPIC Option Consumption Tax, such as the State Chamber of Commerce, the League of Municipalities, Farm Bureau, the Open Sky Institute, No New Taxes Nebraska and even U.S. Senator Pete Ricketts have suffered irreparable damage to their reputations. These organizations and individuals helped spread the false propaganda that the EPIC Option Consumption Tax would require a rate of 22 percent and result in a $5.5 billion deficit to the State of Nebraska despite clear and indisputable evidence to the contrary.

Despite this enormous loss, I and the other members of the EPIC Option Consumption Tax team remain optimistic about the future of the EPIC Option Consumption Tax. It is inevitable that Nebraska will move in the direction of a consumption tax. Although the team failed to get the ball into the endzone this year, we successfully moved the ball down the field and into the red zone. I believe we are now within scoring distance. I say this because the plan that Gov. Pillen has been floating for property tax relief looks an awful lot like EPIC light. Much like the EPIC Option Consumption Tax, the Governor now wants to fund all public schools through the state.

The EPIC Option Consumption Tax team is not going away. The team will regroup and explore their options for the future. Nebraska still has a serious tax problem, which the Governor and State Senators can no longer ignore. Whatever becomes the plan, it cannot be a simple tax shift; instead, it must reduce the overall tax burden that Nebraskans face.

The 4th of July is a time for celebrating our independence as a nation as well as the freedoms we share as American citizens. When the Declaration of Independence was written in 1776, three inalienable rights were mentioned, namely: “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” The one that concerns me the most today is liberty. Few Americans today understand the true nature of liberty and liberty continues to erode from American society.

Few Americans today understand the true nature of liberty because they erroneously associate the word with a license to do whatever one wishes. For example, a popular Internet meme today defines liberty as “The power to live as one wishes.” However, careful examination of American history reveals that liberty has never been construed to mean the freedom to do whatever one pleases.

During the Colonial Era John Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay Colony defined the nature of liberty which would later become the standard in American jurisprudence. In 1645 Winthrop made an important distinction between natural liberty and civil liberty. Natural liberty, he said, refers to that which is common to man and beast and means doing whatever one wishes. Concerning natural liberty, Winthrop said, “The maintaining of this liberty makes men grow more evil and in time worse than brute beasts.” Consequently, throughout American history it has always been accepted that moral evils should be legislated against.

Civil liberty, on the other hand, Winthrop said, is liberty that is constrained by authority. Civil liberty is liberty within the confines of the law. Winthrop said, “This liberty is maintained and exercised in a way of subjection to authority,” and “…it is a liberty to that only which is good, just, and honest.” Winthrop went on to compare civil liberty to the quiet and willful submission that the Church has to Christ and that a wife has to her loving husband. So, when governments act benevolently towards their citizens in the way that Christ does to the church and that a loving husband does towards his wife, obedience naturally follows and there is little need for law.

It is only within the context of civil liberty that governments should ever be restrained. It is a self-evident truth that governments should restrain immorality, but what about laws that don’t address any particular moral evil? A stop sign, for example, lawfully exists to regulate the flow of traffic, yet it does not address any particular moral evil, and most of us would agree that governments should not erect any more stop signs than what are necessary to regulate the flow of traffic and to ensure public safety.

Governments have a natural tendency to slowly erode away our civil liberties. This is usually done by well-intentioned legislators who simply want to fix a problem, but the result is the incremental loss of our freedoms over time. For example, more than 600 bills get introduced in the Nebraska State Legislature each year and this year 103 of them made their way to the Governor’s desk to be signed into law. Each time the Governor signs a bill into law, it results in a small loss of liberty for the people.

By far, the largest loss of liberty through legislative action comes through taxation. Ever since the people of Nebraska changed the tax code by amending the state constitution back in 1967, the State Legislature has been in the business of eroding the economic liberty of its citizens. For example, every time a person has to pay $100 more in taxes than the year before, he or she loses the freedom to decide how to spend that money. That individual then has to make a choice between working more hours to make up the difference or suffering the loss of income. Working to pay taxes is a form of slavery where the government acts as the slave owner, and that is exactly how more and more Nebraskans are beginning to feel towards their state and local governments.

The Governor intends to call the members of the Legislature back to Lincoln for a special session at the end of July to deal with this over-burdening tax problem. The goal of that special session should be to restore economic liberty back to the people of Nebraska. True economic liberty happens by restraining the government’s power to tax the people, and this is accomplished best when we put the people, not the government, in charge of how much money they pay in taxes every year. That is what the EPIC Option Consumption Tax is designed to do. Only by putting more money into the pockets of the citizens can governments enable their citizens to pursue that third inalienable right, the right to pursue happiness.

Press Release
June 20, 2024
“A New Tax Revolt”
By Sen. Steve Erdman, LD 47

Are you satisfied with your property valuation? The time has come to revolt. Nebraskans will never be heard until we collectively decide to protest our valuations. Protesting valuations is the most cost-efficient way to lead a tax rebellion. Therefore, I want to encourage every property owner in Nebraska to file a protest. Form 422 must be delivered in person to the county clerk or mailed with a postmark no later than June 30, 2024. Instructions for filing and Form 422 can be found on the Nebraska Department of Revenue’s website at https://revenue.nebraska.gov. Let this be the year when our elected officials hear our collective cry against unabated and ever-increasing property taxes.

Sen. Steve Erdman, LD 47

Did your property assessment go down this year? Perhaps you are one of the very rare Nebraskans who by chance received an equivalent valuation as last year or even a slight reduction. Once again, this year’s valuation notices aptly demonstrate how broken our tax system is.

The process of valuating properties in Nebraska is completely subjective. There simply is no uniform, objective methodology for valuating properties. County assessors determine the value of properties as they see fit, and this is a dirty little secret that they never want the public to know about. There are numerous examples I can cite which demonstrate how valuations are subjectively determined, but today I will share three examples.

First, the methodology is not transparent. One particular woman I know in Lancaster County did her homework extensively to protest the valuation of her home. However, she was denied on the basis that her work did not conform to the assessor’s manual. So, she pressed her county commissioners and the county assessors with bulldog tenacity to see the manual. They refused to give her the information she needed to make the comparison.

Second, some county assessors make use of fuzzy math. Knox County is a good example. The county assessors in Knox County value grassland, dryland cropland, and irrigated cropland with different percentages across three different market areas within the county. However, when the math is done, their averages for this year do not match the percentages they claimed for these three different classes of agricultural lands in these three market areas.

Third, county assessors may use any method they want. County assessors have at their discretion several options in determining the value of properties. Nebraska state statutes allow assessors to determine which sales should be included in an array when valuing a particular property. However, they are not required to include 1031 tax exchange sales, and they are not required to use sales between neighboring landowners when a sale is done between two neighbors. They are also not required to assess home site acreages at a certain percentage. As a result, county assessors may use these questionable tactics to drive up the price of everybody’s property, and that makes the entire process subjective and broken. So, this year I say, “Thank you,” to all of the county assessors for making the people aware of how subjective and broken our tax system really is.

In Morill County, where I live, my valuation went up 42 percent this year. That increase was mostly due to an effort to raise the value of rural residential properties. When I inquired about this, I was told by my assessor that the standard procedure was to assume that 15 to 20 percent of the property is land, but according to the Nebraska Property Assessment Division, assessors may use any percentage they want!

If you have never protested the valuation of your property, this is the year to do so. There is no filing fee. Instructions for filing a protest and Form 422 can be found online at the Nebraska Department of Revenue’s website at https://revenu.nebraska.gov. Form 422 must be delivered to the county clerk in person or mailed with a postmark no later than June 30, 2024.

It is time for the property owners of Nebraska to revolt. Protesting your valuation is the most cost-effective way of leading this kind of rebellion. Every county assessor needs to be tied up well into August with hearings on these valuation protests. Just as a cord of many strands is not so easily broken, a rebellion by many property owners will not go unheard. The time has come to abandon Nebraska’s broken tax system and replace it with the EPIC Option Consumption Tax whereby eliminating all county assessors. Please visit our website at www.epicouption.org.

Nebraskans are now receiving their new property valuation notices in the mail. As a result, many Nebraskans are suffering from sticker shock once they see how much the value of their property has increased since last year. Mine, for example, went up forty percent! Other property owners are seeing their valuations increase by as much as fifty percent.

What these property valuation notices demonstrate is how broken Nebraska’s tax system is. To be sure, you can bet your last dollar that the tax levies won’t decrease by the same percentage as your valuation increase in order to keep the property taxes the same as last year. Instead, this trend in rising property values and rising property taxes will continue, forcing Nebraskans to sell their properties and move to more tax-friendly states. Not only is Nebraska’s tax system broken, but it cannot be repaired.

Nebraska’s tax system unfairly targets landowners. In order to help you see this, consider where the State of Nebraska and its political subdivisions derive their revenue. According to the Beacon Hill Institute, 47 percent of all tax revenues in Nebraska are derived from property taxes, compared to 28 percent from individual income taxes, 19 percent from sales taxes, 6 percent from corporate income taxes, and 6 percent from excise taxes, fees, and other miscellaneous taxes. As you can see, property owners carry the heaviest load of Nebraska’s tax burden.

Nebraska’s tax system is not neutral. Daniel J. Pilla is a tax expert who will be speaking in the East Campus Union at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln at 2:00 p.m. on Friday, June 21. Dan Pilla advocates for what he calls “the ten principles of good tax policy.” Principle number 6 is the principle of neutrality. According to Pilla, “Taxes should not fall more heavily on one industry or class of individuals than on others.” Whenever taxes target a particular industry or class of people, people stop purchasing the item that is subject to the tax, and that is exactly what has been happening in Nebraska. For example, because Nebraska’s tax system unfairly targets property owners, the old Cabela’s campus in Sidney continues to sit empty year after year without a new owner.

Neutral taxation used to be a core principle of American tax policy. Our American forefathers understood the need for tax neutrality. In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court condemned the practice of unfairly targeting a particular class of people with taxes back in 1874 in a case known as Citizens Savings & Loan v. Topeka. The high court said in that case about the power of taxation that “This power can as readily be employed against one class of individuals and in favor of another, so as to ruin the one class and give unlimited wealth and prosperity to the other…” Is that not what is happening in Nebraska?

Nebraska will continue to see more people leaving our state. According to the World Population Review more people are leaving Nebraska than are moving into Nebraska. 55.7 percent of all moves now belong to residents who are moving to other states. Nebraska has one of the highest percentages in the country. Nebraska has the tenth highest percentage of folks leaving the state. We are now in the same league with Massachusetts (57.6 percent), Michigan (57.7 percent), and California (59.3 percent). Nebraska has a higher percentage of people leaving our state than any of our neighboring states, and this is not a statistic we should be proud of.

State Senators will continue to beat their heads against the brick wall of tax neutrality until they come to the realization that the EPIC Option Consumption Tax is the only fair way to tax the people. If the members of the Legislature believe the solution is to simply eliminate certain sales tax exemptions, then the result will be the same for those industries and classes of people who become the targets of their new tax policy after a special session of the Legislature. The only way to make taxes fair, is to put the people in charge of how much money they pay in taxes every year, and that is exactly what the EPIC Option Consumption Tax does. As Alexander Hamilton explained in Federalist Paper Number 21, the consumption tax is the only tax which is fair and can never over tax the people.

How many American flags have ever flown on the moon? If you answered, six, you are correct. Each lunar American flag was made of nylon material and was fixed to an aluminum telescoping pole. These flags came in a special kit which were carried on the outside of the Apollo Lunar Module on the descent ladder and were stored inside an insulated tubular case to protect them from the heat of the exhaust, which could reach temperatures up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Most of the flags measured 3 X 5 feet.

Before the first American flag was ever erected on the moon a controversy brewed over the legality of doing so. The Outer Space Treaty had already prohibited the United States from ever making a territorial claim to any extraterrestrial body. So, the United States had to make their intentions clear that they were not laying claim to the moon by erecting a flag there.

Four months after the landing of Apollo 11 in 1969 and the first planting of an American flag on the moon, Congress passed a bill which was signed into law by President Nixon which declared that no flag other than the American flag could ever be erected on the moon or any other planet and that any such “act is intended as a symbolic gesture of national pride in achievement and is not to be construed as a declaration of national appropriation by claim of sovereignty.”

The first time an American flag was erected on the moon, it didn’t go so well. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had trouble penetrating the dust of the lunar surface with the pole. It turned out that lunar dust has sharper edges than earth dust, making it more difficult to penetrate. It’s also not so easy to erect a pole in lunar dirt when you are wearing a spacesuit and are dealing with 16.6 percent gravity compared to earth. As a result, the two astronauts managed to get the pole submerged only seven inches deep. When they backed away, they saw that the flag could stand on its own. However, they planted that flag only 27 feet from the Eagle landing craft. When the astronauts returned to Earth, Buzz Aldrin reported that the rocket blast had blown the flag over. NASA learned from this and instructed astronauts in subsequent missions to plant the flag further away from the landing craft.

The crew of Apollo 12 also had some trouble. Astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean had trouble with the latch mechanism which was supposed to keep the flag horizontal. Because the latch mechanism wouldn’t cooperate, they ended up drooping the flag at an angle. That horizontal latch mechanism is also important for resolving the old conspiracy theory which claims that flags in space don’t fly or wave. According to NASA, “In addition to the vertical pole that supported the side of the flag, they included a horizontal arm along the top of the flag to hold it out.”

Some of these flags are still standing. In 2012 the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter took photographs of the landing sites for the Apollo missions 12, 16, and 17. Those photographs indicated that the flags from those missions remain standing on the moon, but sunlight and radiation may have so faded the colors that they appear white today.

As you know, June 14 is Flag Day. The influence of American ingenuity is felt today around planet Earth and even extends out to the moon and all the way out to the planet Mars. When Buzz Aldrin saluted the American flag on the surface of the moon, he called it “the proudest moment” of his life. Although you and I have never been to the moon, I hope that we can appreciate where our flag has flown and honor the American flag this year with the same level of reverence and respect as those Americans who have flown the American flag where no other flag had flown before.

On May 30, 2024, a jury in a New York courtroom read the verdict, convicting the former President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, of 34 felony counts of falsifying business records. Trump ‘s lawyers will appeal the case and the decision will likely get overturned by a higher court. This decision should get overturned because it represents one of the biggest travesties of justice ever to come out of an American courtroom.

I call this a travesty of justice because nobody, not even the judge, knows what crime Donald Trump supposedly committed. Judge Juan M. Merchan, who oversaw the case, never required the jury to articulate the crime or even agree on what statute was broken. The way that the New York statute is written is so vague that it allows jurors to pick from a list of crimes without any common agreement about which part of the statute was violated or how it was violated. To the contrary, federal law requires jurors to agree unanimously about which part of the law was broken and how it was broken. So, Donald Trump stands on firm grounds to make his appeal.

Judge Juan M. Merchan should have recused himself from this case. In 2020 Judge Merchan made political contributions to the campaign of Joe Biden. The size of the donations does not matter. The issue is that Merchan is a financier of Donald Trump’s political opponent, and that fact alone reveals his bias as well as the need for him to have recused himself. Making matters even worse is the fact that Merchan’s daughter, Loren, is a political activist who has worked for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.

The situation is no better for the New York District Attorney who prosecuted the case against Donald Trump. Alvin Bragg had campaigned on the promise that he would prosecute Donald Trump. Consequently, Bragg never set out to prosecute an alleged crime; instead, he set out to fulfill a campaign promise to persecute a man.

The trial against Donald Trump was a nothing short of a kangaroo court. For example, Judge Merchan led the jury to convict Donald Trump by issuing the jurors 55 pages of instructions and reading all 55 pages of instructions to the members of the jury…twice! Moreover, some of those instructions contained some very bad advice for making decisions in a court case.

Judge Merchan advised the jury to use bad logic. For instance, here is how judge Merchan instructed the jury in how to draw an inference: “…suppose you go to bed one night when it is not raining and when you wake up in the morning, you look out your window; you do not see rain, but you see that the street and sidewalk are wet, and that people are wearing raincoats and carrying umbrellas. Under those circumstances, it may be reasonable to infer, that is conclude, that it rained during the night.”

Judge Merchan instructed the jury to reason with a false dilemma! I say this because it could have turned out to be the case that the weatherman had forecasted rain for the day, causing people to wear raincoats and carry umbrellas, and your neighbor’s broken sprinkler head could have just finished watering the lawn five minutes ago making the grass, the street, and the sidewalk all wet. This is no small matter to consider because in Donald Trump’s case, the prosecution’s star witness, Michael Cohen, was a convicted liar and a disbarred lawyer with a vendetta against Trump and who left the jury with a strong impression of guilt for Donald Trump. Moreover, Judge Merchan had effectively shut down the testimony of Brad Smith, Trump’s expert witness on elections, who could have validated Trump’s side of the story.

History will eventually record that what happened last Thursday in that New York courtroom was a travesty of justice. Indeed, it was a very dark day in our nation’s history. What happened to Donald Trump is the kind of weaponized justice we expect to see by tyrants who reign over people in third world countries, not in the United States of America where we pride ourselves on judging people with fairness, honesty and equity. Here in Nebraska, I like to think that we set higher standards for justice. For example, our state motto is: “Equality under the Law.”

Jesus once said, “Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends,” John 15:13. I am not trying to get religious, but this is the expected principle to live by when you serve as a chaplain in the military. Of course, that principle is much easier said than done. Nevertheless, four Army chaplains once displayed this kind of love and courage during the days of WWII, so today I would like to recall their story.

The SS Dorchester had been requisitioned as a troop carrier during the Second World War. While enroute to Greenland with almost 900 troops aboard and nearing safe waters, a German U-boat successfully shot a torpedo into the engine room of the SS Dorchester in the early morning hours of February 3, 1943. Life expectancy in such frigid waters has been estimated at only 20 minutes.

Four Army chaplains who had been relegated to serve at the airfields and installations in Greenland never hesitated to put the lives of their countrymen ahead of their own. These four chaplains sacrificed their own chances of survival in order to help their fellow soldiers escape. These four chaplains distributed life preservers and helped others abandon ship. When they finally ran out of life preservers, they gave up their own and then huddled together in prayer as the ship sank and disappeared under the cold waters of the northern Atlantic Ocean. So, who were these brave men who so unselfishly sacrificed their lives that day?

The first was John P. Washington of Newark, New Jersey. Fr. Washington had been ordained as a Catholic priest on June 15, 1935, and was serving in parish ministry when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. When Washington tried to enlist in the Navy, he was denied due to poor eyesight in one eye. So, he decided to try the Army. This time he covered up his bad eye both times while reading the eye chart and the doctors were too busy to notice.

Alexander D. Goode of Washington, D.C. wanted to follow in his father’s footsteps by becoming a rabbi. After completing his bachelor’s degree at the University of Cincinnati, he became penniless student during the Great Depression and nearly quit his studies at Hebrew Union College, but managed to graduate in 1937. He, too, had been rejected by the Navy, but was picked up by the Army after Pearl Harbor.

George L. Fox of Lewiston, Pennsylvania had previously served as a medic in World War I, where his gallant service had already earned him a silver star and several purple hearts. Fox had worked as an evangelist before entering Moody Bible Institute in 1923. He sought further education at Wesleyan University and Boston University’s School of Theology until he was finally ordained as a Methodist minister on June 10, 1934. The events at Pearl Harbor, however, had drawn Fox back into active duty at the age of 42. When Fox died that day aboard the SS Dorchester he left behind a wife, a son, and a seven-year-old daughter.

Clark V. Poling of Columbus, Ohio was destined to follow his father, who had been a prominent radio evangelist and religious newspaper editor, by extending his family’s line of six generations of Christian ministers. After graduating from Yale Divinity School, he became an ordained minister in the Reformed Church of America. His father, Dr. Daniel A. Poling, had warned his son not to enlist due to the high casualty rate of chaplains in WWI. Against his father’s advice, the younger Clark decided to serve his country anyway, realizing that God was ultimately in control of his life.

I share the stories of these four chaplains with you today because they were real people and to remind you about the tremendous cost of war, the bravery of our fallen heroes, and the love of God and country which marks the souls of so many who have gone before us in order to secure our freedoms. This Memorial Day please remember that in military service all gave some, but some gave all.